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Media are grouped by projects created by users. Projects tend to contain media tied together by a theme. A project might represent the dataset for a single peer-reviewed paper, the results of a collections digitization project, or data for a digital lesson plan.

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Title Description Team Creator Media Objects
Display all details of Anatomy and systematics of the diplodocoid Amphicoelias altus supports high sauropod dinosaur diversity in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the USA Sauropod dinosaurs were an abundant and diverse component of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the USA, with 24 currently recognized species. However, some authors consider this high diversity to have been ecologically unviable and the validity of some species has been questioned, with suggestions that they represent growth series (ontogimorphs) of other species. Under this scenario, high sauropod diversity in the Late Jurassic of North America is greatly overestimated. One putative ontogimorph is the enigmatic diplodocoid Amphicoelias altus, which has been suggested to be synonymous with Diplodocus. Given that Amphicoelias was named first, it has priority and thus Diplodocus would become its junior synonym. Here, we provide a detailed re-description of A. altus in which we restrict it to the holotype individual and support its validity, based on three autapomorphies. Constraint analyses demonstrate that its phylogenetic position within Diplodocoidea is labile, but it seems unlikely that Amphicoelias is synonymous with Diplodocus. As such, our re-evaluation also leads us to retain Diplodocus as a distinct genus. There is no evidence to support the view that any of the currently recognized Morrison sauropod species are ontogimorphs. Available data indicate that sauropod anatomy did not dramatically alter once individuals approached maturity. Furthermore, subadult sauropod individuals are not prone to stemward slippage in phylogenetic analyses, casting doubt on the possibility that their taxonomic affinities are substantially misinterpreted. An anatomical feature can have both an ontogenetic and phylogenetic signature, but the former does not outweigh the latter when other characters overwhelmingly support the affinities of a taxon. Many Morrison Formation sauropods were spatio-temporally and/or ecologically separated from one another. Combined with the biases that cloud our reading of the fossil record, we contend that the number of sauropod dinosaur species in the Morrison Formation is currently likely to be underestimated, not overestimated. 4 1
Display all details of Strepsirrhine middle ear bones 100 43
Display all details of The stapes of stem and extinct Marsupialia: implications for the ancestral condition This paper describes, for the first time, the stapedes of several non-marsupial species of the metatherian clade Sparassodonta (Sipalocyon gracilis, Arctodictis sinclairi, and Borhyaena tuberata) which were fortuitously encountered during routine microtomography. To augment our comparative set we also scanned and reconstructed single examples of the stapedes of the fossil taxa Sparassocynus bahiai and Thylophorops cf. T. chapalmalensis (Didelphimorphia), Argyrolagus scagliai (?Paucituberculata), as well as single examples drawn from extant members of Caenolestidae (Caenolestes sp.) and Microbiotheriidae (Dromiciops gliroides). The sparassodont, didelphid, and microbiotherian samples exhibit a common bauplan (stapes triangular, with intracrural foramen), whereas the paucituberculatan samples differ in possessing columelliform, imperforate stapes as also previously reported for various australidelphians. The stapedial footplate is rounded in sparassodonts (stapedial ratio, ~1.6), in both of the fossil didelphimorphians (~1.7), and in the fossil ?paucituberculatan (~1.5). According to our optimization of our results of mammalian phylogeny, and in contrast to some other reconstructions, a triangular stapes with intracrural foramen and rounded footplate is likely the ancestral condition for Marsupialia. No particular function can be correlated with possession of the intracrural foramen as opposed to an imperforate stapes, apart from accommodation of the proximal stapedial artery (as seen also in many eutherians). The frequent presence of the intracrural foramen in members of both infraclasses suggests that the ontogenies of the second arch’s blood supply (stapedial artery) and its main skeletal element (stapes) have remained strongly integrated throughout therian evolution, even in cases in which the proximal part of the vessel involutes. Gaillard, Charlène 7 7
Display all details of The anatomy of the palate in Early Triassic Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis (Reptilia: Ichthyosauriformes) based on digital reconstruction The palatal anatomy of ichthyosauriforms remains largely unknown. Here, the complete palate of the early-branching ichthyosauriform Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis is reconstructed and described for the first time with the assistance of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) scan on the three-dimensionally preserved skull of its paratype (GMPKU-P-3086) from the Lower Triassic of South China. The reconstruction reveals new palatal features of C. brevifemoralis. The palatine contacts the jugal directly, which is observed in ichthyosauriforms for the first time. A single row of denticles is present on each side of the palate. The vomer exceeds the anterior and posterior margins of the internal naris. The pterygoid is posterior to the internal naris. The epipterygoid is present and the ectopterygoid is absent. Ya-Lei Yin 3 1
Display all details of The first tetrapod remains from the Upper Jurassic Talbragar Fossil Fish Bed 3D data of the tooth from from "The first tetrapod remains from the Upper Jurassic Talbragar Fossil Fish Bed" 1 1
Display all details of Viverravus (Carnivora: Viverravidae) skull morphology CT scans of crania of Viverravus acutus, a paleogene carnivoran from North America, from the paper: Polly, P. D., G. D. Wesley-Hunt, R. E. Heinrich, G. Davis, and P. Houde. 2006. Earliest known carnivoran auditory bulla and support for a recent origin of crown-group Carnivora (Eutheria, Mammalia). Palaeontology, 49: 1019-1027. Polly, P. David 0 0
Display all details of 3D models of three juveniles biarmosuchians (Synapsida, Therapsida) from the Middle Permian, South Africa Model described in "Computerized Tomography elucidates ontogeny within the basal therapsid clade Biarmosuchia" issued in PeerJ. Abstract: "Biarmosuchia is a clade of basal therapsids that includes forms possessing plesiomorphic ‘pelycosaurian’ cranial characters as well as the highly-derived Burnetiamorpha which are characterised by cranial pachyostosis and a variety of cranial bosses. Potential ontogenetic variation in these structures has been suggested based on growth series of other therapsids with pachyostosed crania, which complicates burnetiamorph taxonomic distinction and thus it is essential to better understand cranial ontogeny of the Burnetiamorpha. Here, three new juvenile biarmosuchian skulls from the late Permian of South Africa are described using micro-CT tomography. We found that juvenile biarmosuchians are distinguished from adults by their relatively large orbits, open cranial sutures, and incomplete ossification of the braincase and bony labyrinth. Also, they manifest multiple centres of ossification within the parietal and preparietal bones. CT examination reveals that the holotype of Lemurosaurus pricei (BP/1/816), previously alleged to be a juvenile, shows no evidence of juvenility and is thus probably an adult. This suggests that the larger skull NMQR 1702, previously considered to be an adult L. pricei, may represent a new taxon. This study provides, for the first time, a list of characters by which to recognise juvenile biarmosuchians." Duhamel, Aliénor 0 0
Display all details of Engis2 neanderthal child Volumetric rendering of the Engis2 skull, based on CT-data Fischer, Valentin 2 1
Display all details of THOR project - Olduvai Gorge Collection of 3D models of paleontological and archaeological remains from Olduvai Gorge studied by the THOR team. 5 5
Display all details of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Uvigerina peregrina from the Gulf of Alaska (IODP 341; EW0408) Payne and Belanger, 2021. Enhanced carbonate dissolution associated with deglacial dysoxic events in the subpolar North Pacific. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. Here we use volume density (ρV) measurements as a metric of size-normalized weights for Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer, from upper OMZ and abyssal depth sites in the Gulf of Alaska over the past ~20,000 years to test for covariation between carbonate preservation and OMZ intensity. We find that dissolution of N. pachyderma is most intense at the upper OMZ site where oxygenation is generally lower than at the abyssal site. We also examine Uvigerina peregrina, a benthic foraminifer, at the upper OMZ site and find that the lowest ρV measurements in both taxa occur during deglacial and early Holocene dysoxic events. We use computed tomography images to confirm that changes in ρV are related to shell thickness, observe dissolution features, and test for growth influences on ρV. Further, we use stepwise selection of multiple regression models in which co-registered environmental proxies are potential predictors of ρV and find that the best supported models retain negative associations between ρV and the concentration of redox sensitive metals and the relative abundance of dysoxia-tolerant and opportunistic benthic foraminifera, indicating that low ρV is associated with low-oxygen conditions and pulsed availability of organic matter at the seafloor contribute to low ρV. Taken together, our results suggest the primary driver of carbonate dissolution here is related to organic carbon respiration at the seafloor. This highlights the importance of metabolic dissolution in understanding the inorganic carbon cycle and the role regions with high organic carbon export, such as OMZs, can have as CO2 sources as metabolic dissolution intensifies. 32 32
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